Review for Exam 2:
Chapters 20-21 The Lymphatic & Immune Systems
Chapter 20: Lymphatic System
Define:
| Gross Anatomy of the Lymphatic System | Lymphatic Organs & Pathology Terms | Histology of the Lymph Node |
|
lymphatic system lymph lymph capillary lymph vessel anchoring filaments lacteal chyle lymph trunks thoracic duct = left lymphatic duct cisterna chyli right lymphatic duct
resistance (to disease) |
primary lymphatic organ red bone marrow thymus gland
secondary lymphatic organ lymph node spleen red pulp (of
spleen) lymphatic nodule MALT tonsils
metastasis Hodgkins disease |
capsule cortex medulla trabeculae lobule follicles germinal center medullary cord B lymphocyte = B cell macrophage afferent lymphatic vessel efferent lymphatic vessel sinuses hilus |
List:
1. The functions of the lymphatic system.
2. the forms of lymphatic tissue in the body:
(a) structural and (b) developmental and give examples of each form or category.
3. The organs of the lymphatic system and the functions of each.
4. the locations where MALT lymphatic tissue is found.
5. the four tissues which do not contain lymphatic capillaries.
6. the three means/mechanisms by which lymph flow (returning lymph fluid
to the circulatory system) is facilitated.
Sketch and label:
1. The structure of lymph vessels. How are lymph vessels similar to and
different from blood vessels?
2. The structure of a lymph node. What kinds of cells are common in lymph
nodes and what are their functions.
Describe:
1. the basic components of lymphatic tissue.
Explain:
1. How the lymphatic system functions to restore fluid lost from the
circulatory system.
2. How lymphatic tissue varies in its distribution and organization in
various parts of the body.
Chapter 21: The Immune System
Define:
| General Terms | Lymphatic Organs | Lymph Nodes |
| immunology immunogenicity immune specificity immunological memory immunocompetence pathogen resistance (to disease) = nonspecific resistance susceptibility (to disease) immunity abscess ulcer metastasis |
primary lymphatic organ red bone marrow thymus gland secondary lymphatic organ lymph node tonsils |
cortex medulla germinal center medullary cord afferent lymphatic vessel efferent lymphatic vessel |
| Nonspecific Resistance | Complement System | Immune Cells |
| epidermis mucous membranes mucus cilia lacrimal apparatus saliva sebum lysozyme hyaluronic acid transferrins interferons complement system |
complement proteins classical pathway alternate pathway opsonization chemotactic agent cytolysis membrane attack complex |
macrophage dendritic cell neutrophil = polymorphonuclear leukocyte monocytes B lymphocyte = B cell plasma cell memory B lymphocyte = memory B cell T lymphocyte = T cell helper T lymphocyte = helper T cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte = cytotoxic T cell memory T lymphocyte = memory T cell natural killer cell = NK lymphocyte = NK cell migration leukocytosis |
| Inflammation & Phagocytosis | Immune Regulatory Molecules | Specific Immunity |
| inflammation vasodilation semipermeability fever phagocytosis adherence pus |
histamine kinins prostaglandins leukotrienes costimulator |
antigen antigenic determinant antigen receptor exogenous antigen endogenous antigen tumor antigen antibody-mediated immunity cell-mediated immunity |
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity | Cell-Mediated Immunity | Diseases of the Immune System |
| immunoglobulin = antibody antigen presenting cell antigen processing antigen binding site (on antibody) antibody heavy chain antibody light chain antibody constant regions antibody variable regions primary (immune) response secondary (immune) response |
anergy clone self-recognition immunological tolerance selection positive selection negative selection deletion major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens MHC Class I antigens = MHC Class I surface markers MHC Class II antigens = MHC Class II surface markers immunosurveillance = immunological surveillance |
allergy = hypersensitivty Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) autoimmune disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Hodgkins disease |
| Types of Immunity | Tissue Transplantation | |
|
active immunity
passive immunity natural immunity artificial immunity |
autograft isograft allograft = homograft xenograft = heterograft |
Exercises
List:
1. Six mechanisms of Innate (nonspecific) resistance to disease and examples
of each mechanism.
2. The body's surface barriers and the chemicals
in their secretions which provide
nonspecific resistance to disease.
3. Four specific types of cells that function in nonspecific resistance to disease
and their function(s).
4. Three events, and their results, associated with inflammation.
5. Four categories of antimicrobial substances,
classes of antimicrobial molecules, that function in nonspecific
resistance to disease and the functions they perform.
6. Three types of antimicrobial proteins and their functions.
7. The two "arms" of adaptive (specific) immunity and the cells important in
each.
8. The types of disease against which cytotoxic T-cells are most effective.
9. The five signs of inflammation.
10. Seven autoimmune diseases and the organ(s) or tissue(s) attacked in
each disease.
11. The differences between a first immune response and a second = memory
response.
12. The difference between active and passive immunity.
13. The difference between natural and artificial immunity.
Describe:
1. The process of inflammation.
2. The difference between nonspecific resistance to disease and specific
resistance to disease, i.e., immunity.
3. The two types of immune response
(AMI versus CMI).
4. The difference between "self" and "foreign" antigens.
Sketch and label:
1. The structure of an antibody.
2. The process of antigen processing and display. How does this process
differ for endogenous versus exogenous antigens?
3. A diagram of the process of immunity.
Explain:
1. The difference between endogenous and exogenous antigen.
2. The differences between a natural killer (NK) lymphocyte and a cytotoxic
T-Cell.
3. The process of clonal selection and differentiation of B Cells when they
become activated by exposure to endogenous and exogenous antigen.
4. The process of clonal selection and differentiation of T Cells when they
become activated by exposure to endogenous and exogenous antigen.
Last updated on
October 25, 2007.