Exam 3 Review: Chapter 21: Types of Immunity
active immunity - Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen in which the response is the product of the individual's own immune system becoming activated, generally through the generation of clones of antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes.
passive immunity - Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual receiving immune molecules (maternal antibodies crossing the placenta in utero or via colostrum or milk from the mammary glands or intravenous injections of gamma globulin) or immune cells (leukocyte transfusions or bone marrow transplants) transferred from another individual (who had had exposure to a specific antigen) and, therefore, the response is not the product of the individual's own immune system becoming activated.
natural immunity - Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen encountered in the external environment without the intervention of medical therapy or practice.
artificial immunity - Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen encountered due to the intervention of medical therapy or practice.
| NATURAL | ARTIFICIAL | |
| ACTIVE | Natural active immunity occurs when a person develops immunity as a result of exposure to disease organisms or foreign toxins, venoms, allergens or drugs; generally, on initial exposure, the person develops the disease or has an initial negative response to the toxin or venom. | Artificial active immunity occurs when a person develops immunity as a result of exposure to a vaccine designed to protect against disease organisms or foreign toxins, venoms, or allergens; generally, on initial exposure, the person does not develop symptoms of the disease or has only minimal response to the toxin or venom. |
| PASSIVE | Passive active immunity occurs when a mother transmits her own antibodies to her fetus across the placenta or to her infant in her milk; such immunity is transient and relatively short-lived. | Passive artifticial immunity occurs when an individual receives antibodies (injections of gamma globulin) or immune cells (leukocyte transfusions or bone marrow transplants) from another individual (who had had exposure to a specific antigen); such immunity may be transient and relatively short-lived (gamma globulin injections or leukocyte transfusions) or it may be permanent (bone marrow transplants). |
List:
12. The difference between active and passive immunity.
| Active Immunity | Passive Immunity |
| Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen in which the response is the product of the individual's own immune system becoming activated, generally through the generation of clones of antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes. | Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual receiving immune molecules (injections of gamma globulin) or immune cells (leukocyte transfusions or bone marrow transplants) transferred from another individual (who had had exposure to a specific antigen) and, therefore, the response is not the product of the individual's own immune system becoming activated |
13. The difference between natural and artificial immunity.
| Natural Immunity | Artificial Immunity |
| Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen encountered in the external environment without the intervention of medical therapy or practice. | Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure to a specific antigen encountered due to the intervention of medical therapy or practice. |