Exam 2 Review:  Chapter 8:  Types of Joints -- Structural

synovial joint - The most complex structural type of joint which consist of bones connected by an articular capsule which is lined by an membrane of areolar connective tissue lined internally by simple squamous cells which secretes a viscous lubricating joint fluid (synovial fluid) into the joint cavity; all synovial joints are freely movable = diarthroses in the functional classification of joints.

Fibrous Joints: joints where bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue.

syndesmosis - The type of joint in which bones are connected by ligament(s) composed of dense fibrous connective tissue (collagen); most such joints are slightly movable (amphiarthroses), however, some syndesmoses, such as the joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula allow only a little "give,' and are thus classified as immovable (synarthroses).

suture - The visible line of junction and the immovable joint (synarthrosis) between two bones, especially of the skull; all such joints are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue (collagen).

gomphosis - The type of joint exhibited by a tooth inserted into its bony socket; such joints are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue (collagen) and are immovable articulations (synarthroses).

Cartilagenous Joints: joints where bones are connected by cartilage.

synchondrosis - The type of joint in which bones are connected by a solid piece of hyaline cartilage; some such joints are slightly movable (amphiarthroses), e.g., the joints between the ribs and the sternum, others are immovable, e.g., the epiphyseal plates in growing long bones.

symphysis - The type of joint in which bones are connected by a solid piece of fibrocartilage; all such joints are slightly movable (amphiarthroses), e.g., the pubic symphysis, and the intervertebral discs.

Bone Joints, i.e., synostosis - A completely ossified and thus immovable joint; a fused joint; e.g., the joints between the fused sacral vertebrae, or the fused coccygeal vertebrae, or the ossified sutures seen in the skulls of some older individuals.

Describe:

Explain verbally or by a labeled sketch how a structure such as the vertebral column (articulations of) illustrates the three type joints based upon structural classification.

[fibrous joint: the various ligaments connecting the spinous and transverse processes have some characteristics of a fibrous joint, but more correctly are termed ligaments.] cartilaginous joint:  the intervertebral disc connecting the bodies = centrums of adjacent vertebrae. synovial joints:  the joints between the inferior articular processes of one vertebra and the superior articular processes of the next inferior vertebra.

fibrous joint: the joint between the sacrum and coccyx.   [bone joint:  the joints between fused sacral vertebra and the joints between fused coccygeal vertebra.]