Exam 2 Review:  Chapter 7:  Appendicular Skeleton

appendicular skeleton - The bones which make up the limbs (arms and legs) and the limb girdles (shoulders and hips); those bones not a part of the axial skeleton; upper limb: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges; lower limb: coxal bones, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

bony thorax - The thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages and the sternum which form the skeletal protection for the thoracic cavity.

pectoral girdle - The bones of the appendicular skeleton to which the fore limbs (arms) are articulated; the shoulder girdle; in humans it consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side.

glenoid fossa - The concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint (a ball-and-socket joint). [aka glenoic cavity]

pelvic girdle - The bones of the appendicular skeleton to which the hind limbs (legs) are articulated; the hip girdle; in humans it consists of two coxal bones, on each side.

acetabulum - The cup-shaped cavity at the base of the coxal bone which is the articular surface, lined by hyaline cartilage, into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket synovial joint formed at the junction of the ischium, ilium and pubis.

pelvis - The basin-shaped structure of the  skeleton, composed of the coxal bones on the sides, the pubic symphysis in front, and the sacrum and coccyx behind, that rests on the lower limbs and supports the spinal column and pelvic organs.  [See Fig. 7.27, p. 238]

pelvic brim = pelvic inlet - The continuous oval ridge that runs from the pelvic crest through the arcuate line and sacral promintory and marks the separation between "false pelvis" above and the "true pelvis" below.

pelvic outlet - the inferior margin of the "true pelvis" bounded by the pubic arch anteriorly, the ischia laterally, and the sacrum and coccyx poseriorly; it defines the narrowest cross-section of the birth canal in females.

pelvimetry - The technique of measuring the dimensions and capacity of the pelvis, especially of the adult female pelvis.

List:

 9. pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle bones.

            pectoral girdle:  scapulas and clavicles
            pelvic girdle:  coxal bones

10. bones of the upper and lower appendages.

upper appendage	lower appendage
arm:  humerus, radius, ulna             wrist:  carpals             hand:  metacarpals and phalanges	leg:  femur, tibia, fibula             ankle:  tarsals (calcaneous)             foot:  metatarsals and phalanges