Exam 2 Review:  Chapter 6:  Bone Regions

diploe - The marrow-filled spongy bony tissue found between the hard outer and inner bone layers of compact bone in flat bones such as the bones of the cranium; the trabeculae are arranged to resist compression.

diaphysis - The shaft, or main part, of a long bone, which begins endochondral ossification before the epiphyses do.

epiphysis - Either end of a long bone that is originally separated from the main bone shaft (diaphysis) by a layer of hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate) but later becomes united to the main bone through endochondral ossification.

metaphysis - The region of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis; it includes and sometimes refers specifically to the epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line.

articular cartilage - The plate or sheet or mass of hyaline or fibrocartilage cartilage the serves as a joint surface for bones which form either cartilagenous or synovial joints.  [See Chapter 8]

periosteum - The dense irregular fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints; the outer fibrous layer serves as an attachment for ligaments, joint capsules, muscles and tendons; the inner more cellular osteogenic layer contains osteoblasts (osteoprogenitor cells) and osteoclasts which are responsible for bone growth, remodeling, and repair; the activity of the stem cells in this tissue is regulated by hormones, especially Human Growth Hormone, Parathormone, and Thyrocalcitonin.

osteogenic layer - The inner more cellular layer of the periosteum and endosteum of a bone which contains osteoblasts (osteoprogenitor cells) and osteoclasts which are responsible for bone growth, remodeling, and repair; the activity of the stem cells in this layer is regulated by hormones, especially Human Growth Hormone, Parathormone, and Thyrocalcitonin.

medullary cavity = marrow cavity - The space or chamber in the interior of the diaphysis of a long bone which has no trabeculae or spicules of spongy bone but is still occupied by tissue, either hematopoietic red marrow, or more commonly in adults, fatty yellow marrow.

endosteum - The thin layer of connective tissue membrane covering the inner surface of bones ; the inner more cellular osteogenic portion contains osteoblasts (osteoprogenitor cells) and osteoclasts which are responsible for bone growth, remodeling, and repair; the activity of the stem cells in this tissue is regulated by hormones, especially Human Growth Hormone, Parathormone, and Thyrocalcitonin.

Appositional Bone Growth Animation

Sketch and Label

6. the gross anatomy of a long bone.