Exam 2 Review: Chapter 5: Skin Pathologies
abrasion - A scraped area on the skin or on a mucous membrane, resulting from a friction-induced injury or irritation, which penetrates beneath the epidermis (epithelium).
acne - An inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin that is marked by the eruption of pimples or pustules, especially on the face.
solar keratosis - A skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of rough, gritty or scaly skin, more common in fair-skinned or elderly individuals; the lesions are abnormally sensitive to the effects of uv light (sunlight) and approximately one in five lesions will progress to squamous cell carcinoma.
[Follow this link for an interesting case study on ichthyosis.]
decubitus ulcer - A chronic ulcer of the skin (the epidermis, dermis and sometimes deeper tissues) caused by prolonged pressure and reduced blood supply to a region over a bony prominence such as the hip or heel (as in bedridden patients); aka bedsore. [See photos below.]
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basal cell carcinoma* - The most common and least malignant skin cancer in which cells of the stratum germinativum proliferate, invading the dermis and hypodermis; the lesions are slow-growing shiny raised nodules most occurring on skin regions exposed to the sun.
squamous cell carcinoma* - A malignant (invasive and potentially metastatic) carcinoma that arises from squamous epithelium which generally produces an ulcerated hardened lesion; it is the most common form of skin cancer.
malignant melanoma - A malignant (invasive and potentially metastatic) carcinoma that arises from epidermal melanocytes which generally produces a raised hardened pigmented lesion; it is the most difficult to successfully treat of the skin cancers.
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Malignant Melanoma
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[*Note: a carcinoma is a general term for any malignant cancer derived from an epithelial cell type.]
List:
11. three types of skin cancer and their characteristics.
| basal cell carcinoma | slow-growing shiny raised nodules |
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| squamous cell carcinoma | ulcerated hardened lesion |
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| malignant melanoma | a raised hardened pigmented lesion; the most difficult to successfully treat |
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(Read more about skin cancer at the National Institute of Health website.)