Exam 3 Review:  Chapter 22:  Lungs

pleura - The thin serous membrane, a simple squamous lining, which secretes pleural fluid and envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for each pleural cavity.

parietal pleura - That portion of the thin serous membrane, a simple squamous lining, which secretes pleural fluid and makes a lining for the thoracic wall of the pleural cavity.

visceral pleura - That portion of the thin serous membrane, a simple squamous lining, which secretes pleural fluid and envelops the lung within the pleural cavity.

pleural cavity - A subdivision of the thoracic cavity; the potential space which lies in between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura and contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid, the pleural fluid.

base - The broad inferior surface of the lung which faces the diaphragm.

apex - The tip or pointed superior end of the lung.

costal surface - The broad lateral surface of the lung which faces the ribs and the thoracic wall of the pleural cavity.

mediastinal surface - The broad medial surface of the lung which faces the mediastinal wall of the pleural cavity; it is the location of the hilus of the lung.

hilus - The depression or fissure where vessels, nerves, and a primary bronchus enters each lung on its mediastinal surface.

cardiac notch - The lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung which is produced to accommodate the space taken up by the heart.

oblique fissure - The deep groove, roughly parallel to the sixth rib, which divides the lung on both sides into upper and lower lobes; along this surface, visceral pleura apposes visceral pleura; both surfaces are smooth and separated by a layer of lubricant fluid which allows individual lobes to move freely with respect to one another.

horizontal fissure - A recessed groove in the parenchyma of the right superior lobe of the lung which divides the right-sided volume of lung tissue above the oblique fissure into the right superior lobe, above the fissure, and the right middle lobe, below the fissure; along this surface, visceral pleura apposes visceral pleura; both surfaces are smooth and separated by a layer of lubricant fluid which allows individual lobes to move freely with respect to one another.

lobe - The anatomical term for a major division of an organ; there is usually more than one lobe making up the object; lobes may be separated by clefts or fibrous septa; examples of organs with lobes include the brain and lung; air is delivered to each lobe of the lung by a secondary bronchus.

bronchopulmonary segment - The anatomical term for a major subdivision of the lobes of each lung; they are separated by fibrous septa; air is delivered to each bronchopulmonary segment of the lung by a tertiary bronchus; in humans, each lung consists of ~10 bronchopulmonary segments.

lobule - A subdivision of an organ; a lobe is often divided up into many lobules; examples of organs with lobules include the lung, liver and breast; air is delivered to each lobule of the lung by an interlobular bronchus.

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