Exam 1 Review:  Chapter 18:  General Terms

cardiology - The clinical study of the structure and function of the heart and the clinical practice of treating the heart and its defects, diseases and injuries.

thoracic cavity - The subdivision of the ventral body cavity enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs in the pleural cavities and between them the mediastinum containing the heart and great vessels, the trachea, esophagus and the thymus gland.

mediastinum - The central mass of tissue between the pleural cavities containing the heart and great vessels, the trachea, esophagus and the thymus gland.

systemic circulation - That portion of the circulatory system beginning with the aorta and its branches which deliver oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the somatic tissues, where the blood delivers oxygen and nutrients and collects carbon dioxide and wastes, and including the superior and inferior vena cava and their branches which return deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.

pulmonary circulation - That portion of the circulatory system beginning with the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries and their branches which deliver deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where hemoglobin is oxygenated and including the pulmonary veins and their branches which return oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.

arterioles - The smaller branches of arteries most distal from the heart which distribute blood to the capillary beds within organs and tissues; their wall composition varies but in general they have less smooth muscle and more elastic fibers as they progress toward capillary beds; they play a major role in maintaining blood pressure and in controlling blood flow to different organs and tissues.

capillaries - The minute blood vessels, with a diameter just larger than an RBC, which connect arterioles and venules whose walls consist of a single layer of squamous endothelial cells; these blood vessels form an intricate network throughout the body for the interchange of various substances, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and nutrient and waste molecules, between the blood and the tissue cells; three structural types of capillaries are recognized:  continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, and capillary sinusoids.

venules - The smaller branches of veins most distal from the heart which receive blood from the capillary beds within organs and tissues; their walls they have less smooth muscle as they progress toward capillary beds

veins - The blood vessels which carry blood from the body tissues back to the heart; their walls are formed of three layers or tunics but they tend to have thinner walls with less smooth muscle and a lower blood pressure than arteries of the same diameter; some veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood; there are more veins draining most tissues than there are arteries supplying the tissue.

List:

1. the main components of the cardiovascular system.

 

In terms of routes:	In terms of structures:
The systemic circulation, the heart, and the pulmonary circulation	The arteries, the capillaries, the veins, and the heart

Sketch and Label:

3. the two main circulations of the cardiovascular system.