Sample Exam for Ethics and Criminal Justice

SAMPLE EXAM FOR ETHICS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
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1. The primary distinction between "morality" and "ethics" is which of the following?
    A. morality is about religion and ethics is not
    B. morality is about who people are and ethics is about what people do
    C. morality is about good conduct and ethics is the analysis of what is considered good conduct*
    D. morality is about privately held beliefs and ethics is about public beliefs

2. The concept of mens rea in criminal law is most synonymous with the concept of:
    A. culpability*
    B. responsiblity
    C. volition
    D. mitigation

3. The primary distinction between an ethical "issue" and an ethical "dilemma" is what?
    A. issues are individual and dilemmas are societal
    B. issues represent policy and dilemmas are societal
    C. issues are broad and dilemmas are specific*
    D. issues are societal and dilemmas are political

4. What is the correct order for the steps to be followed when analyzing an ethical dilemma?
    A. Facts, values, moral issues, resolve, clarify moral choice
    B. Facts, clarify moral choice, moral issues, values, resolve
    C. Facts, values, moral issues, clarify moral choice, resolve*
    D. Facts, moral issues, resolve, values, clarify moral choice

5. Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with a teleological system of ethics?
    A. what is good for the individual is also good for society*
    B. the end justifies the means
    C. moral behavior is that which benefits the good of the majority
    D. humans by nature seek pleasure and avoid pain

6. Which development in social thought during the time of ancient civilizations could be described as having contributed most to the idea that "mercy" would be a good idea to base a criminal justice system on?
    A. lex talionis
    B. Mosaic law
    C. codification
    D. monotheism*

7. The primary distinction between religious ethics and natural law is what?
    A. natural law insists that animals have rights, while religious ethics does not
    B. religious ethics fails to recognizes an external source of authority while natural law does not
    C. religious ethics emphasizes some supernatural figure while natural law does not*
    D. natural law justifies utilitarian ethics while religious ethics does not or cannot

8. Which one of the ancient Hebrew prophets foreshadowed many of the ideas that would later become Stoicism?
    A. Amos
    B. Hosea
    C. Jeremiah
    D. Ezekiel*

9. Who said "an unjust law is no law at all?"
    A. Plato
    B. Aristotle
    C. Saint Aquinas
    D. Saint Augustine*

10. Which type of justice is associated with the allocation of scarce goods to members of society?
    A. retributive
    B. distributive*
    C. corrective
    D. utilitarian

11. Which one of Bacon's four idols is the one which points out the need to reject "old philosophies" and critique traditional theories?
    A. idols of the tribe
    B. idols of the cave
    C. idols of the marketplace
    D. idols of the theatre*

12. Lex talionis and lex salica are both interpretations of what kind of justice?
    A. utilitarian
    B. retributive*
    C. substantive
    D. compensatory

13. Which utilitarian theorist argued for restraint in keeping from passing laws that legislate morality?
    A. Bentham
    B. Mill*
    C. Locke
    D. Sidgwick

14. What is the difference between act and rule utilitarianism?
    A. act utilitarianism determines the utility of each moral decision one by one, while rule utilitarianism does not*
    B. rule utilitarianism determines the utility of each moral decision one by one, while act utilitarianism does not
    C. rule utilitarianism focuses on the character of the decision-maker, while act utilitarianism does not
    D. act utilitarianism focuses on the long-term consequences of an act, while rule utilitarianism does not

15. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Rawl's theory of justice?
    A. utilitarian principles
    B. concern for rights
    C. freedom from government interference*
    D. concern for the least advantaged in society

16. Social contract theory is best understood within the context of which paradigm?
    A. consensus
    B. conflict
    C. utilitarian
    D. both consensus and conflict*

17. In Rawl's mature theory, known as the Justice as Fairness viewpoint, the so-called "difference principle" allows some people to be paid more than others primarily on the basis of which distributive justice principle?
    A. merit-Plato
    B. merit-seniority
    C. merit-effort
    D. merit-output*

18. Which type of distributive justice is most inconsistent with paternalism?
    A. utilitarian
    B. libertarian*
    C. liberalism
    D. Marxist

19. The idea of using your imagination to think of an utopia, and using those thoughts to help construct an ethical system is most characteristic of which of the following?
    A. naturalism*
    B. emotivism
    C. egoism
    D. intuitionism

20. Restorative justice is most incompatible with which ethical system?
    A. ethics of care
    B. ethics of virtue
    C. utilitarianism
    D. ethical formalism*

21. According to retributive ethics, it would be contradictory to hold a 12-year old legally culpable for murder while at the same time advocating that the same 12-year old is morally developed enough to purchase cigarettes.
A. True*
B. False

22. Nietzsche's "ordinary hate" is different from "moral hatred" in what way?
    A. it is paternalistic rather than moralistic
    B. it deprives the object of hatred from blameworthiness
    C. it is unheroic and unfateful*
    D. it leads to restitution instead of restoration

23. The formal Code of Ethics for police officers is most consistent with which of the following?
    A. the utilitarian ethical system
    B. a public service ethics*
    C. a crime control orientation
    D. natural law

24. A gratuity is potentially unethical in most cases for which of the following reasons?
    A. it is not always clear what the expectation of the giver is*
    B. they lead to favoritism
    C. they are essential bribes for service
    D. they erode public confidence in the police

25. Of the following, which unethical act in policing is NOT an example of "noble cause" corruption?
    A. testilying
    B. magic pencil
    C. dropsy evidence
    D. buy-bust sting operations*

26. What term does the author of your textbook (Pollock) use to describe a police subculture's prohibition against whistleblowing?
    A. the thin blue line
    B. the blue curtain of secrecy*
    C. the blue wall of death
    D. the blue menace

27. The principle of double affect is a corollary of ethical formalism that justifies the use of deception under extreme circumstances.
A. True
B. False*

28. The Hippocratic Oath that doctors take upon graduation from medical school is an example of a(n):
    A. ethical system
    B. moral framework
    C. code of ethics*
    D. public service ethics

29. An ethics of care should be classified as what type of ethical system?
    A. deontological
    B. absolutist
    C. teleological
    D. situationalist*

30. The current professional code of ethics for lawyers has which proper title?
    A. The Model Code of Professional Responsibility
    B. The Moral Code of Professional Responsibility
    C. The Professional Code of Ethics for Lawyers
    D. the Model Rules of Professional Responsibility*

31. Which Canon of Professional Ethics in legal ethics is the most rationalistic, as rationalism is understood as an ethical system?
    A. Canon 4: Confidentiality
    B. Canon 5: Independent Judgment*
    C. Canon 7: Zealous Defense
    D. Canon 9: Appearance of Impropriety

32. Which ethical system is most likely to oppose punishing poor people who commit crimes against the rich?
    A. ethical formalism
    B. ethics of virtue
    C. Rawlsian ethics*
    D. classic utilitarianism

33. Which element of the correctional officer subculture is LEAST like that of the police subculture?
    A. reciprocity*
    B. loyalty
    C. social isolation
    D. utilitarian thinking

34. So-called "peacemaking" corrections best fits into which rationale for corrections?
    A. retribution
    B. deterrence
    C. treatment
    D. none of the above*

35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ethical leader?
    A. they recognize their heightened responsibilities as leaders
    B. they are connected to the concerns of the workers
    C. they place public perception of the organization as their highest priority*
    D. the balance optimism with realistic thinking

36. Which leadership theory is most compatible with the "right" way to do delegation of responsibility?
    A. style theory
    B. situational theory
    C. contingency theory
    D. expectancy theory*

37. Which minority value is most fully compatible with an ethics of care-and-justice?
    A. liberation
    B. pluralism*
    C. empowerment
    D. uplift

Last updated: Oct 03, 2006
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